Dendrites typically branch profusely and extend a few hundred micrometers from the soma. The soma is a compact structure, and the axon and dendrites are filaments extruding from the soma. When multiple neurons are functionally connected together, they form what is called a neural circuit.Ī typical neuron consists of a cell body ( soma), dendrites, and a single axon. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to control everything from muscle contractions to glandular output. Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as touch, sound, or light that affect the cells of the sensory organs, and they send signals to the spinal cord or brain. Neurons are typically classified into three types based on their function. Non-animals like plants and fungi do not have nerve cells. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. ![]() Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses - specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Within a nervous system, a neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network.
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